Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Of Poverty, Inequality, Development and Innovation: An Introduction -- Chapter 2: Perceptions of inequality in an Informal Settlement in Durban, South Africa -- Chapter 3: Africa's policy and technology options: Linking agricultural mechanization to social protection targets -- Chapter 4: Building Bridges to Close the Inequality Gap as a Basis for Social Change: A Social Worker's Pragmatic Experience in Immersion -- Chapter 5: Tanzania policies on water governance in river basins: Implications for livelihoods and resource conservation -- Chapter 6: Farmer groups approach to rural development in Morogoro, Tanzania: A study of the activities performed and challenges experienced -- Chapter 7: Tanzania Social Action Fund II Implementation for the Household Socio-Economic Improvement: Evidence from Arusha District, Tanzania -- Chapter 8: Gender parity as a way to address poverty challenges in South Africa -- Chapter 9: Development Driven Tools or Parasitic Paradigms? A Critical Perspective of Western theories of Development and its Reforms -- Chapter 10: The Sankofa Methodology: A Pan-African Approach to Poverty Alleviation -- Chapter 11: Innovations for Fighting Poverty and Inequality in Zimbabwe: The Evolving Roles of the State, Private Sector and Non-Governmental Organisations -- Chapter 12: Systemic monitoring and evaluation to enhance collective creativity and innovation for the alleviation of poverty and inequality -- Chapter 13: Factors affecting agricultural students' attitude towards entrepreneurship at a University in South Africa -- Chapter 14: Ending poverty on the African continent: Consolidating the agrarian welfare regime in Zimbabwe -- Chapter 15: Rural women's perceptions of poverty and inequality in Mungwi District, Zambia -- Chapter 16: An Investigation into the Nexus between Innovation and Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. .

Introduction. Tackling poverty and inequality -- Part 1 Povery and Indigenous Knowledge Systems -- Chapter 1. Onomastic and Conceptual Pathologisation of African Culture as a Creation and Perpetuation of African Poverty in Zimbabwe -- Cha.pter 2. Empirecrafting or Statecrafting Africa? Beyond Banal "Traditional" Witchery and Towards Rebuilding the Moral Economy -- Chapter 3. Impoverishment as a Constraint to Africa's Social Development -- Chapter 4. Indigenous Knowledge and Poverty Alleviation in Contemporary Zimbabwe -- Chapter 5. The Efficacy of Traditional Institutions in the Conservation of Sacred Heritage Resources in Zimbabwe.

This article presents the conceptions of poverty by the poor in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. It seeks to broaden the discussion of poverty around the definition of the poor from the perspective of the poor. A cause-effect frame- work for poverty analysis is proposed, as well as the introduction of the notion of 'enclavity' within a family in poverty discourse. These are the two primary contri- butions of this paper. The research suggests that, due to deepening poverty, people create enclaves around husband/wife relationships as a new form of resil- ience/collectivity. While the poor suffer from a lack of assets, ethics and networks breakdown as a result of poverty. The results suggest, as elsewhere, that poverty is multifaceted, thus driving to some confluence of conception.

This article reviews public works programmes as a way to alleviate poverty using experiences from around the world in general and South Africa in particular. It interrogates the targeting mechanisms including the question of who benefits, the type of benefit as well as the type of public works. The article argues that the design of public works must take cognizance of whether the initiative is attempting to address chronic and/or transient unemployment as this has a bearing on the thrust of the initiative either to address transient and/or chronic unemployment especially given the multi-dimensional nature of poverty. The article also argues that public works have multiple effects which include distributional effects; real (household) income effects; participation effects; labour market effects; decentralization effects; sustainability effects; investment effects; productivity effects; political economy effects; technical effects; as well as targeting effects. It also argues, using perceptual maps, that when developing public works, it is critical to define the issue which needs to be addressed a priori such as sanitation, HIV/AIDS, food security, unemployment, rural infrastructure development, income, poverty and so forth. The perceptual maps, and the trajectories which they portray, are the major contribution of this article. Public works can span various social and economic sectors such as social services, infrastructure development, early childhood development (ECD) and home- and community-based care (HCBC); community-based waste management, environmental conservation, wildfire management and so forth. The article argues that all interventions should be tested for viability, sustainability and appropriateness within a given context. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n8p544

This paper offers an entrée into the discussion with the argument that politics have a cost in development - these costs can be political, economic, social or even emotional, as well as psychological. To this end, the paper attempts to locate the intersection between politics and poverty and poses the question: "Do politics matter?" This paper is based on a desk-top study and used mainly secondary data. The paper has theoretical significance as it unmasks the role that politics play in the poverty discourse. This paper falls within the broad theme: Public policies and politics. In particular, it posits a framework for understanding the link between politics and poverty. The framework is this paper's major contribution. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n8p610

This article pioneers an asset-by-asset point index, which represents a simple methodology that uses inputs rather than outputs of well-being to recognise the 'poor' on a point basis, household by household. It focuses on assets, which are a significant aspect of well-being in whose absence households may fall into deprivation. The index is well-suited for the production of localised indicators, as it allows disaggregation of data by a rural/urban divide and even at the village/household level, which facilitates area-based interventions. It is an asset-based measure, which will help to identify the poor and the type of help they need; it can thus be used as a monitoring tool at the household and community level. It represents an alternative approach to measuring household poverty.

AbstractAlthough poverty lines have been constructed on the basis of an income threshold, this article defines a poverty line on the basis of an asset threshold using the consensual approach as postulated by Mack and Lansley. In this article, an asset threshold is defined using this approach, which is a European method in an African rural setting. The determination of the asset threshold—the Minimally Adequate Asset Level, which is context‐sensitive, fixed bundle of assets, is the major contribution of this article. This asset poverty line opens up possibilities for calculating asset‐based FGT measures as well as an asset‐gini‐coefficient. The article also shows that location matters in the perception of poverty as a consequence of differing lifestyles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The adverse socio-economic, psychological and environmental impacts of conventional/mass tourism prompted the emergence of new forms of tourism such as community-based tourism. This form of tourism manifests promising and progressive characteristics such as community empowerment and care for the environment with potential of these characteristics to be harnessed for rating/grading of facilities. This article presents a novel and innovative rating/grading system which leverages these CBT principles. The article is based on previous work and insights on grading systems from the extant literature. The major contribution of this article is the E-based model of facility classification system. The proposed classification system incorporates aspects such as Equity; Education; Empowerment; Endogenous; and the Environment as pillars/criteria for grading facilities. The operationalisation of this grading system has policy implications in that it requires incentives from the government given that most grading systems are voluntary. ; Los adversos efectos socioeconómicos, psicológicos y ambientales del turismo convencional, o de masas, provocaron la aparición de nuevas formas de turismo como el turismo comunitario. Esta forma de turismo presenta características prometedoras y alternativas como el empoderamiento de la comunidad y la sensibilidad medioambiental que podrían aplicarse a los sistemas de clasificación (rating/grading) turísticos. Este artículo presenta un nuevo e innovador sistema de clasificación turística inspirado por estos principios del turismo comunitario. El artículo se basa en trabajos previos de los autores y en ideas provenientes de la literatura especializada y su contribución principal es una propuesta de modelo de clasificación turística que, inspirada en el turismo comunitario, incorpora aspectos como la equidad, la educación, el empoderamiento, el carácter endógeno y la sensibilidad ambiental como pilares y criterios para la clasificación turística. La aplicación de este sistema de clasificación requeriría de incentivos oficiales ya que la mayor parte de estos sistemas son de carácter voluntario. ; - Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. - Área de Antropología Social. Universidad de Jaén. - Laborarorio de Antropología Social y Cultural (HUM-472). Universidad de Almería. - Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada.

Through its diversification thrust, Abu Dhabi has succeeded in reaping the benefits both of oil and gas and of the services sector, including tourism, through deliberate government action. Diversification and innovation have been key drivers in all sectors of the economy, including tourism, and innovations in one sector have spawned innovations in others. Drawing on literature sourced from secondary data, including government documents and publications available in the public domain, this article argues that innovation in various sectors can facilitate tourism diversifi-cation, innovation, and product/market development. The authors propose a diver-sification and innovation model, arguing that these aspects are inter-related and that their relationship is cyclical. Diversification and innovations are generated from and influenced by any economic, social, or institutional milieu and by entities such as government, business, and non-governmental organizations The article contends that Abu Dhabi's new growth path should be geared towards small and medium enterprises in the boutique and lifestyle lodging business, so as to spread the benefits of its success in the tourism industry to the broader population through diversifying the emirate's "traditional" hotel market.

This article looks at the mining and tourism sectors through the prisms of a society still attempting to redress the evils of the apartheid past. In so doing, it provides a typology of the dominant characteristics active in both sectors to upack the structural factors which oppress the precariats in these sectors. Precariats are the employees in a precarious situation in these sectors trying to eke out a living under extermely difficult working conditions. From the analysis, the common denominator in the two sectors is the low 'slavery' wages. The poor has not benefited materially from economic growth such that unemployment, poverty and inequality still remain as the country's major challenges. The Black Economic Empowerment policy has been found wanting in empowering previously disadvantaged groups due partly to the co-option of black elites by white capital resulting in the maintenance of the pre-1994 concentration patterns. This article advocates a paradigm shift towards a system in which redistributive justice should be instituted, including a balanced distribution of power/control, resources, knowledge, capacities and benefits in these sectors for the benefit of all. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n2p87

Tourism is always seen as a viable alternative means of boosting development in developing countries. Similarly, community-based tourism (CBT) is generally associated with development in poor, especially rural, communities. This article first presents CBT as a possible community development tool, exploring its conceptual and historical evolution, and then offers solutions for enhancing the opportunities and capacity of CBT in facilitating rural community development. To that end, a definition of community and notions of development are proposed, and a community development strategy, based on issues of empowerment, self-reliance, and sustainability, is explored. Special attention is given to local context issues in relation to community development. In addition, the origin and evolution of the CBT concept, and the linkages between the concept and alternative development paradigms from the 1970s are explored, including the notions of empowerment and self-reliance. This article makes two contributions. Firstly, it proposes that the current meaning of CBT does not coincide with the original concept of CBT because the contemporary policy milieu has changed. Secondly, it presents different CBT typologies in line with contemporary CBT concept(s) and issues of community development. ; https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/journal-titles/tourism-review-international ; http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427212X13431568321500